| Participation in sports has been proposed as both a preventive easure and as a cause of deviance. The former is rooted in the
"involvement" bond of Hirschi's control theory, while learning and eutralization have provided the framework for predicting deviant
outcomes. This paper tests these competing hypotheses through examination of self-report data collected from a group of college
athletes and nonathletes. Hypotheses regarding variations across types of sports are also tested, comparing reported deviance rates for contact versus noncontact sports.
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Updated 05/20/2006